In this course, candidates will have the opportunity to deepen their understanding of the learning and thinking process. Candidates will be introduced to the research based cognitive principles and their practical application in the classroom. Candidates will explore the following topics: 1) how students understand new ideas, 2) how students learn and retain new information, 3) how students solve problems, 4) how learning is transferred to new situations in or out of the classroom, 5) what motivates students to learn, and 6) the common misconceptions about how students think and learn.  Candidates will gain the knowledge in cognitive science that allows them to effectively assess, plan, and deliver effective instruction to students with special needs, English Language Learners, and all other students.